MPLab3 Sorting - Revision history

Mkwiki at 07:03, 31 October 2023

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Mkwiki at 19:01, 30 October 2023

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Mkwiki at 17:46, 30 October 2023

2023-10-30T17:46:17Z

Mkwiki: Created page with "'''

 ; Program to convert ASCII character to Binary equivalent

''' 1. Define the model and architecture for the assembly code

 .model SMALL .stack 100H

..."

2023-10-30T17:41:34Z

Created page with "'''<pre> ; Program to convert ASCII character to Binary equivalent </pre>''' 1. Define the model and architecture for the assembly code <pre> .model SMALL .stack 100H </pre>..."

New page

'''<pre>
; Program to convert ASCII character to Binary equivalent
</pre>'''
1. Define the model and architecture for the assembly code
<pre>
.model SMALL
.stack 100H
</pre>

2. Define your data in the data section ( here you can define various data items: '''variables, constants, strings, arrays''')
<pre>
.data
inputStr db 10,13, 'Enter an ASCII Character: $'
outputStr db 10,13, 'Binary equivalent is : $'
</pre>

3. Define your instruction in the code section (here you write the assembly instructions that perform computations, control program flow, and interact with data variables and memory)
<pre>
.code
.startup

; print the input string
MOV DX, OFFSET inputStr
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

;read a character from the standard input
MOV AH, 01H
INT 21H

;at this point whatever character is entered by the user, its binary equivalent(8-bits) of the ASCII code is stored in AL

MOV BL, AL ; binary equivalent of ASCII character is moved to BL

; print the output string
MOV DX, OFFSET outputStr
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

; Now left shift the bits, to extract the MSB and print it (repeat the shifting and extracting until every bit is printed)

MOV CX, 8

repeat8Times:
SHL BL, 1
JC printOne ; Jump if carry generated

MOV DL, 30H ; ASCCI code for '0' is 30H, which is 48 in decimal
JMP print

printOne:
MOV DL, 31H

print:
MOV AH, 02H
INT 21H
LOOP repeat8Times

; exit from the program
MOV AH, 4CH
INT 21H

END
</pre>

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 	MOV DX, OFFSET msg2
          INT 21H
          MOV AH, 0
@@ Line 68: / Line 70: @@
 		LOOP L1
+       '''; Sorting'''
-         MOV CX, DATA1
+         MOV CX, DATA1     ; CX is loaded with the number of elements in the array.
-	MOV BX, OFFSET ARRAY
+	MOV BX, OFFSET ARRAY     ; BX is set to point to the beginning of the ARRAY
-	MOV DI,CX
+	MOV DI,CX     ; DI is loaded with the number of elements in the array
 	L2: 	MOV CX, DATA1
-		MOV NUMB, CX     ; Change1
+        ; outer loop
-		DEC NUMB     ; Change2
+        L2: 	; MOV CX, DATA1
-		MOV CX, NUMB     ; change3
+		MOV NUMB, CX     ; Change1,  NUMB is loaded with the current number of elements (CX)
-		MOV SI, 0
+		DEC NUMB     ; Change2, NUMB is decremented by 1, effectively reducing it by one element for each pass of the outer loop.
-	L3: 	MOV AL, [BX + SI]
+		MOV CX, NUMB     ; change3,  CX is updated to hold the current number of elements after decrementing.
-		CMP [BX + SI + 1],AL
+		MOV SI, 0     ; SI is initialized to zero, which serves as an offset within the array
 		JL L4
-		XCHG AL,[BX + SI + 1]
+        ;  inner loop
-		MOV [BX + SI],AL
+        L3: 	MOV AL, [BX + SI]     ; AL is loaded with the current element in the array
-	L4: 	INC SI
+		CMP [BX + SI + 1],AL     ; Compares the current element (AL) with the next element in the array
-		LOOP L3
+		JL L4     ; If the next element is less than the current element, it swaps them. Otherwise, it continues to the next element.
-	DEC DI
+	DEC DI     ; After the inner loop is complete, the outer loop continues until all elements are compared and sorted. DI is decremented, and the process continues for the remaining elements.
-	JNZ L2
+	JNZ L2     ; checks the value of the DI register. If DI is not equal to zero, the program jumps back to the label L2.
          MOV CX, DATA1
 	MOV SI, 0
 	MOV BX, OFFSET ARRAY
 	MOV AH,09
-	MOV DX,OFFSET msg3
+        MOV AH,09
 	INT 21H
 	L5: 	MOV DL, 0AH ; jump onto next line
 		MOV AH, 02H
 		INT 21H
@@ Line 105: / Line 113: @@
                  MOV AH, 02
 		INT 21H
-		LOOP L5
+         	LOOP L5
 	; exit from the program

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 		INT 21H
-                MOV DX, SI      ; input element of the array
+                 ; input element of the array
 		MOV AH, 01H
 		INT 21H
-                 SUB AL,30H
+                 SUB AL,30H     ;  convert the character digit ('0' to '9') into corresponding numeric value( 0 to 9)
                  MOV SI, DX
-		MOV [BX + SI], AX
+		MOV [BX + SI], AX     ; stores the value in AX into a memory location specified by the contents of the BX and SI registers.
+                 INC SI     ; increment the value of SI register by 1
 		LOOP L1
          MOV CX, DATA1
 	MOV BX, OFFSET ARRAY
 	MOV DI,CX
 	L2: 	MOV CX, DATA1
-		MOV NUMB, CX 		; Change1
+		MOV NUMB, CX     ; Change1
-		DEC NUMB		        ; Change2
+		DEC NUMB     ; Change2
-		MOV CX, NUMB 		; change3
+		MOV CX, NUMB     ; change3
 		MOV SI, 0
 	L3: 	MOV AL, [BX + SI]

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
          MOV AH, 0
-	MOV SI, 0     ; SI is initialized to 0, which means it's pointing to the beginning of some data or array
+	MOV SI, 0     ; SI is initialized to 0, which means it's pointing to the beginning of array
          MOV BX, OFFSET ARRAY     ; Loads the offset address of the label ARRAY into the BX register.

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 <pre>
 .data
-	ARRAY dw 20 DUP (?)     ;The DUP directive is used to specify the number of times the question mark (?) is duplicated, which in this case is 20.
+	ARRAY dw 20 DUP (?)     ;The DUP directive is used to specify the number of times the question mark (?) is duplicated (20 times)
 	DATA1 dw 0000H
 	NUMB dw 0000H
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 	INT 21H
-	;at this point whatever character(size) is entered by the user, its binary equivalent(8-bits) of the ASCII code is stored in AL
+	;The binary equivalent(8-bits) of the ASCII code for the entered character is stored in AL
 	SUB AL,30H     ; convert the character digit ('0' to '9') into corresponding numeric value( 0 to 9)
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 	MOV DX, OFFSET msg2
          INT 21H
-	; Now left shift the bits, to extract the MSB and print it (repeat the shifting and extracting until every bit is printed)
+        L1: 	MOV DL, 0AH     ; Move the newline character (line feed) into DL to jump onto next line
 	; exit from the program

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 <pre>
 .data
-	ARRAY dw 20 DUP (?)
+	ARRAY dw 20 DUP (?)     ;The DUP directive is used to specify the number of times the question mark (?) is duplicated, which in this case is 20.
 	DATA1 dw 0000H
 	NUMB dw 0000H
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 .startup
-         ; print the input string
+         ; print Enter the size of the array message
-	MOV DX, OFFSET inputStr
+        MOV AH, 09H
-	MOV AH, 09H
+	MOV DX, OFFSET msg
 	INT 21H
-	;read a character from the standard input
+	;Read the size of the array
 	MOV AH, 01H
 	INT 21H
-	;at this point whatever character is entered by the user, its binary equivalent(8-bits) of the ASCII code is stored in AL
+	;at this point whatever character(size) is entered by the user, its binary equivalent(8-bits) of the ASCII code is stored in AL
-	MOV BL, AL    ; binary equivalent of ASCII character is moved to BL
+        MOV DATA1, AX     ; The size is also stored in DATA1
-−
+	; print Enter the elements of Array message
 	MOV AH, 09H
-	INT 21H
+	MOV DX, OFFSET msg2
 	; Now left shift the bits, to extract the MSB and print it (repeat the shifting and extracting until every bit is printed)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''<pre>
-; Program to convert ASCII character to Binary equivalent
+; Program to sort an array
 </pre>'''
 . Define the model and architecture for the assembly code